{"id":25224,"date":"2025-11-24T00:00:45","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T22:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hojassueltas.es\/?p=25224"},"modified":"2025-12-12T16:37:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T14:37:58","slug":"musica-obras-y-canciones-ii-la-introduccion-del-veneno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hojassueltas.es\/?p=25224","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fasica, obras y canciones (II): la introducci\u00f3n del veneno"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Por el equipo de Punto y Seguido<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Si en el cap\u00edtulo anterior explor\u00e1bamos el car\u00e1cter universal, formativo y casi sagrado de la m\u00fasica como arte, esta segunda entrega aborda su creciente <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">banalizaci\u00f3n contempor\u00e1nea<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. Porque, si bien el acceso global a la m\u00fasica ha crecido de forma exponencial, no lo ha hecho su calidad ni su capacidad de elevaci\u00f3n espiritual. Por el contrario, asistimos a una progresiva degradaci\u00f3n del lenguaje musical y l\u00edrico, promovida por las din\u00e1micas del mercado, las plataformas digitales y ciertos g\u00e9neros surgidos al margen del canon art\u00edstico.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La m\u00fasica ya no es \u2014en su versi\u00f3n masiva\u2014 una expresi\u00f3n creativa, sino un producto de <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">consumo fugaz<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, sometido a las reglas del algoritmo, del marketing y de la viralidad. Las grandes plataformas como Spotify, TikTok o YouTube dictan hoy no solo qu\u00e9 se escucha, sino c\u00f3mo debe componerse para que \u201cfuncione\u201d. Este fen\u00f3meno ha sido estudiado en profundidad por investigadores como <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Mark Mulligan<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, que sostiene que el sistema de reproducci\u00f3n algor\u00edtmica prioriza canciones breves, con estribillos inmediatos y estructuras repetitivas, dise\u00f1adas para maximizar clics y retenci\u00f3n de usuarios\u00b9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La consecuencia es doble: por un lado, desaparece la <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">complejidad compositiva<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">; por otro, se impone una <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">uniformidad sonora<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> que mata la diversidad. El oyente ya no escoge con criterio, sino que es llevado \u2014pasivamente\u2014 hacia lo que el sistema considera m\u00e1s rentable. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u>Reguet\u00f3n y otras formas sudomusicales: la estetizaci\u00f3n del empobrecimiento<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En este contexto surge un tipo de \u201cm\u00fasica\u201d \u2014por usar el t\u00e9rmino con generosidad\u2014 basada en ritmos elementales, armon\u00edas inexistentes y letras que, en el mejor de los casos, resultan pueriles, y en el peor, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">groseras, mis\u00f3ginas y cosificadoras<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. El <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">reguet\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, nacido a finales de los 90 en Puerto Rico, tiene ra\u00edces leg\u00edtimas en el dancehall jamaicano y el hip-hop estadounidense\u00b2. Sin embargo, lo que en su origen fue una forma de expresi\u00f3n marginal se ha convertido hoy en un <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">fen\u00f3meno de masas carente de alma<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">En la mayor\u00eda de sus versiones actuales, el reguet\u00f3n ofrece:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Una base r\u00edtmica mon\u00f3tona y persistente (el famoso \u201cdembow\u201d).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Letras que repiten clich\u00e9s sexuales o de estatus social.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Videos que exaltan la imagen corporal, el lujo, la sumisi\u00f3n femenina y la agresividad masculina.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">No se trata de un juicio moralista ni elitista: es una <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">cr\u00edtica est\u00e9tica y ling\u00fc\u00edstica<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. El fil\u00f3sofo <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Umberto Eco<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> ya advert\u00eda contra la \u201cneotelevisi\u00f3n\u201d como forma de embrutecimiento: una cultura que entretiene sin elevar, que repite sin pensar\u00b3. En el reguet\u00f3n, como en otros g\u00e9neros afines (trap, drill), asistimos al mismo fen\u00f3meno: <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">la sustituci\u00f3n del contenido por el impacto<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, de la emoci\u00f3n por el est\u00edmulo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">trap<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, surgido en Atlanta en los a\u00f1os 90, ha sido adoptado por artistas j\u00f3venes de todo el mundo, tambi\u00e9n en Espa\u00f1a. Su est\u00e9tica sonora \u2014bases oscuras, tempo ralentizado, uso excesivo del autotune\u2014 se acompa\u00f1a, muchas veces, de un <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">discurso nihilista y autocomplaciente<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, donde la violencia, la droga o la apat\u00eda se presentan como signos de identidad.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">drill<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, a\u00fan m\u00e1s agresivo, presenta una evoluci\u00f3n del trap con c\u00f3digos callejeros y letras expl\u00edcitamente violentas. Ambos estilos comparten una caracter\u00edstica preocupante: <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">la normalizaci\u00f3n del lenguaje degradado<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. Las frases carecen de sintaxis, los t\u00e9rminos se reducen a una jerga cr\u00edptica, y la poes\u00eda ha sido suplantada por la consigna hueca.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Como advierte <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Marina Garc\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, estamos en una \u00e9poca de \u201cposcultura\u201d, donde el conocimiento no se transmite sino que se disuelve\u2074. Y lo que escuchamos \u2014o se nos impone escuchar\u2014 no cultiva, sino que <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">deseduca<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Las m\u00fasicas que hemos citado \u2014m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de su \u00e9xito comercial\u2014 suponen una ruptura con los <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">tres fundamentos cl\u00e1sicos de la m\u00fasica como arte<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La creatividad<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">: en lugar de innovar, repiten f\u00f3rmulas y patrones.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El lenguaje<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">: el texto ha perdido su riqueza sem\u00e1ntica y po\u00e9tica.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">La belleza formal<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">: el equilibrio sonoro ha sido sustituido por el efecto.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El gran compositor franc\u00e9s <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pierre Boulez<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> dec\u00eda que la m\u00fasica deb\u00eda tener \u201cintenci\u00f3n y estructura\u201d\u2075. En muchas producciones actuales no hay ni lo uno ni lo otro. Solo hay ruido dise\u00f1ado para ser olvidado. El problema no es solo est\u00e9tico, sino <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">educativo<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. Lo que se escucha, moldea. La banalizaci\u00f3n de la m\u00fasica contribuye a un empobrecimiento de la sensibilidad colectiva. Como dec\u00eda <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Rafael S\u00e1nchez Ferlosio<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">*\u201cCuando el lenguaje se empobrece, tambi\u00e9n se empobrece el pensamiento\u201d\u2076.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00bfEs todo reguet\u00f3n igual? \u00bfCabe alguna defensa?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Es importante matizar. <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">No todo el reguet\u00f3n, ni todo el trap, es basura cultural.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> Existen artistas que han intentado dotar a estos g\u00e9neros de contenido cr\u00edtico, feminista o experimental. En Espa\u00f1a, <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Rosal\u00eda<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> supo, en su primera etapa, fusionar el flamenco con el trap de forma creativa (<\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">El mal querer<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, 2018), aunque m\u00e1s tarde se desvi\u00f3 hacia f\u00f3rmulas m\u00e1s comerciales. Tambi\u00e9n hay ejemplos en Am\u00e9rica Latina de reguetoneros que han abordado temas sociales, aunque son minor\u00eda. El problema no es el g\u00e9nero como fen\u00f3meno cultural, sino <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">su deriva masiva hacia la estandarizaci\u00f3n y la pobreza expresiva<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Quiz\u00e1 lo m\u00e1s inquietante no sea la existencia de estas m\u00fasicas, sino <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">su aceptaci\u00f3n generalizada como norma<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">. Las generaciones m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes crecen sin referentes musicales complejos. No se les ense\u00f1a a escuchar a Bach, a Lorca musicado por Morente, a Falla o a Llu\u00eds Llach. Se les alimenta con estribillos de dos palabras, bases r\u00edtmicas prefabricadas y mensajes vac\u00edos. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Como advert\u00eda <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Susan Sontag<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> en su <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Diarios<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">, \u201cla cultura popular no es inocente: forma car\u00e1cter, define horizontes, modela aspiraciones\u201d\u2077. Y si ese horizonte se reduce al goce instant\u00e1neo, la autosatisfacci\u00f3n y el olvido, la m\u00fasica dejar\u00e1 de ser un arte para convertirse en <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">una m\u00e1quina de anestesia colectiva<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif; font-size: 14px;\">Notas al pie:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Mark Mulligan, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">The Death of the Long-Form Album<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, MIDiA Research, 2019.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Pablo Vila, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Music and Youth Culture in Latin America: Identity Construction Processes from New York to Buenos Aires<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, Oxford University Press, 2014.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Umberto Eco, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">La estrategia de la ilusi\u00f3n<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, Lumen, 1993.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Marina Garc\u00e9s, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Nueva ilustraci\u00f3n radical<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, Anagrama, 2017.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Pierre Boulez, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Puntos de referencia<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, Akal, 2013.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Rafael S\u00e1nchez Ferlosio, entrevista en <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">El Pa\u00eds Semanal<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, 2007.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Susan Sontag, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">Diarios<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Cambria Math, serif;\">, Mondadori, 2009.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Por el equipo de Punto y Seguido Si en el cap\u00edtulo anterior explor\u00e1bamos el car\u00e1cter universal, formativo y casi sagrado de la m\u00fasica como arte, esta segunda entrega aborda su creciente banalizaci\u00f3n contempor\u00e1nea. Porque, si bien el acceso global a la m\u00fasica ha crecido de forma exponencial, no lo ha hecho su calidad ni su [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2258],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25224","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lente-critica"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u00fasica, obras y canciones (II): la introducci\u00f3n del veneno | LENTE CR\u00cdTICA | HOJAS SUELTAS Peri\u00f3dico Cultural<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A FONDO: Como advert\u00eda Susan Sontag en su Diarios, \u201cla cultura popular no es inocente: forma car\u00e1cter, define horizontes, modela aspiraciones\u201d\u2077.\" \/>\n<meta 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